<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering</title>
<title_fa>فصلنامه علم و مهندسی مواد ایران</title_fa>
<short_title>IJMSE</short_title>
<subject>Engineering &amp; Technology</subject>
<web_url>http://ijmse.iust.ac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>18</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>agent2</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>1735-0808</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2383-3882</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1404</year>
	<month>3</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2025</year>
	<month>6</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>22</volume>
<number>2</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>en</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa></title_fa>
	<title>In Vitro Evaluation of Ceramic-Amber Hardness Supported Zirconia</title>
	<subject_fa>گروه سرامیک</subject_fa>
	<subject>Ceramic Materials and Engineering</subject>
	<content_type_fa>Research Paper</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research Paper</content_type>
	<abstract_fa></abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:95%&quot;&gt;&lt;span linotype=&quot;&quot; palatino=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Ceramics in dentistry have been mainly recommended from a cosmetic perspective. Yet, the hardness behaviour may limit the application in many cases. Although amber glass is used for medications and chemicals, no studies focus on using amber glass for dental purposes as an additive material. This study aims &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:95%&quot;&gt;&lt;span linotype=&quot;&quot; palatino=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;to investigate the dark amber glass behaviour as a new additive material for dental ceramics. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:95%&quot;&gt;&lt;span linotype=&quot;&quot; palatino=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;The amber glass powder was prepared using the ball mill technique. For the amber glass powder characterization, the SEM/EDX, particle size, DSC, Ion release, and XRD analysis were tested compared to VITA Lumex&lt;sup&gt;&amp;reg;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:95%&quot;&gt;&lt;span linotype=&quot;&quot; palatino=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;AC ceramic. In addition, the Vickers hardness test was applied for ceramic and ceramic amber with an addition of 0.01g, 0.03g, and 0.05g amber glass powder following the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:95%&quot;&gt;&lt;span linotype=&quot;&quot; palatino=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;DIN EN ISO 6872/ 2019&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:95%&quot;&gt;&lt;span linotype=&quot;&quot; palatino=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;. Statistically, the ANOVA (post hoc- Tukey) test was used for hardness testing analysis at a significant P-value of (P&amp;le;0.05). The results show that the amber glass behaviour and composition elements seem similar to VITA ceramics. The addition of amber glass powder to ceramic shows an increase in the HV hardness of specimens. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:95%&quot;&gt;&lt;span linotype=&quot;&quot; palatino=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Overall, it was concluded that the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:95%&quot;&gt;&lt;span linotype=&quot;&quot; palatino=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;amber glass powder could be a promising material for ceramics to use as an additive powder.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Amber,Ceramic,Hardness,Zirconia,Powder</keyword>
	<start_page>58</start_page>
	<end_page>65</end_page>
	<web_url>http://ijmse.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5575-2&amp;slc_lang=en&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Zainab Dhyaa</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Fawzy</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>ecc0059@mtu.edu.iq</email>
	<code>1800319475328460020400</code>
	<orcid>1800319475328460020400</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Dental Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Middle Technical University, Iraq</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Saja Ali</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Muhsin</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>dr.sajaalshimmary@mtu.edu.iq</email>
	<code>1800319475328460020401</code>
	<orcid>1800319475328460020401</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Dental Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Middle Technical University, Iraq</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Taha Hassan</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Abood</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>dr.taha1967@mtu.edu.iq</email>
	<code>1800319475328460020402</code>
	<orcid>1800319475328460020402</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Materials Techniques Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, Middle Technical University, Iraq</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
